Understanding Diabetic Neuropathy: Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

What is diabetic neuropathy?

Diabetic neuropathy is the result of nerve damage from diabetes. Over half of people with diabetes have neuropathy and diabetes is the number one cause for neuropathy. It is a common complication of diabetes that can lead to serious consequences if left untreated. However, there are other causes such as:

• Some medications
• Advanced age
• Alcoholism
• Diseases of the nervous system
• Injuries

In diabetes, excess blood glucose can damage small blood vessels. These small blood vessels nourish the nerves. When blood vessels are damaged the nerves become damaged. These damaged nerves may cause muscle weakness and loss of sensation. Damaged blood vessels can cause tingling, pain, numbness, or weakness. The damage is often found in hands and feet first. Early detection and management of diabetic neuropathy are crucial to prevent further nerve damage and potential complications.

People with diabetic neuropathy are at high risk for development of wounds. These wounds often develop on the feet. Wounds can be caused by excessive pressure or trauma to the foot. Due to the loss of sensation, individuals with diabetic neuropathy may not notice minor injuries, which can quickly turn into serious wounds if not treated promptly.

How is it diagnosed?

Diabetic neuropathy can be diagnosed easily and painlessly. A test is performed by a nurse at the Wound Care Center®. A thin plastic wire touches the skin on the foot. Whether or not the wire is felt can tell us if nerves have been damaged. This simple test, called a monofilament test, is an essential part of diabetes management and can help identify neuropathy in its early stages.

What does it mean if you have diabetic neuropathy?

If you lose sensation you have lost a protective feeling. You may be unaware of a rock in your shoe or rubbing a blister. These injuries can quickly lead to foot wounds. Foot wounds can be hard to heal and can end with amputation if not managed quickly. Regular foot inspections and proper foot care are essential for individuals with diabetic neuropathy to prevent the development of wounds and other complications.

Is there a cure?

There is no treatment that will heal the damaged nerves. The goal is to manage symptoms and prevent further damage. While there is no cure for diabetic neuropathy, effective management strategies can help slow the progression of nerve damage and improve quality of life.

How can I prevent or delay nerve damage on discharge?

• Inspect your feet daily for redness or sores.
• Wear special footwear.
• Protect your feet and never go barefoot.
• See a professional for nail and foot care.
• Report symptoms or worsening symptoms to your physician.
• Keep your blood sugars in the range your doctor has ordered.
• Monitor your blood sugars as directed by your doctor.
• Get a A1C at least twice a year.
• Plan meals.
• Take your medications as directed by your doctor.
• Exercise as directed by your physician.
• Stop smoking or decrease smoking as much as possible.

By following these preventive measures and working closely with your healthcare team, including wound care specialists at Healogics, you can effectively manage diabetic neuropathy and reduce the risk of complications.